Henry a



H. A. GASTON.

GULTIVATOR.

No. 78,080. Patented May 19,1 8-

W191? totes gate-at @ff im- Letters Patent No. 78,080, dated Ma 19, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN GULTIVATORS.

iii-112 5:1 am nfzmh in iztiigrse Jitters grout m mating not of the smut.

TQ ALL WHOM Ill. MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, HENRY A, GASTON, of the cityof Stockton, county of San Joaquin, and State of Culifnrnia, have invented an Imprbvement in Cultivators; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in con; nection with the drawings, which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention. suiiicientto enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

The invention relates particularly to the construction of bits or cultivator-teeth, with reference to applying. them to the standards which support them, and connect them to the cultivator-framc or carriage, and to the construction of the standards with reference to such connection.

The drawings represent a cultivator embodyingmy improvements.

A shows a bottom view of the same.

B "a side elevation thereof. v

C is a detail view of one of the staudards,.showing the bit in section. Dis an edge 'view of the standard.

E is a. plan of the bit.

F and show modifications of the devices for connecting the bit to the standard.

a denotes a cultivator-frame, constructed and mounted on wheels 6 in any suitable manner.

From this frame depends a series of-vertical iron standards, 0, (to the foot ofwhich thccnltivator-tooth or bite! is fixed the topof eaehstandard extending through theeultiv ator-b'eaur, such topghavingn screw-shank, upon which anut, e, is screwed, to fasten the standard to the beam, the standard also having, if necessary, a.

brace, f extending rearwards and upwards to theframe, this brace receiving the hack'strain upon the standard.

The cultivator-bits d are of that class of bits which are made reversible, that is to say,'thc two ends of each bit are alike,=as are also the .upper and lower surface of each, so that each bit may be reversed end for end, 61? top for bottom, thus making of each not only a double bit, but a self-sharpening bit or tooth, the edge being kept sharp by-turning. the bit and using the upper and lower surfaces interchangeably;

The principal object of-my invention is to make a perfectly strong and'rigid connection of the bit to the standard, by simple'fine'a'ns, that admit of easy and quick change or adjustment of each bit, without the exercise ofother than the most ordinary skill. i

Each bit stands at an inclination with reference to its standard, as seen at B, and through the centre of each, a mortise, g, is formed, through which mortise a tonon, h, on the fodt of the"standard-projects, as seen at A and C, the tenon and mortisebein'g made narrower than the standard' the top'of thcbit resting against the shoulder 1., formed at thejuncture'of the tenon and standard.

.One end of the tenon is shown as formed with a recess or slot, ml, into which the bit slips, (a t the adjacent end of the bit-slot,) as seenat C. V

In the standards-shown at C, the tenon from front to rear is of a length corresponding to the length of the hit-mortise, so that the tenon will just slip through the same. When so ,slippeithrough, however, the bit is moved back into the slot m, and this-leaves a space,-l, between the rear of thestandard and the rear side of the bit-mortise. Into this hole or space Z, a key'is driven, and the bit is thereby firmly secured from displacement, eacepting by removal of the key, the key keeping thc'bit from end movement, and the key and slot and shoulder z keeping it from vertical movement.

When any bit needs to be turned end for end or top for bottom, the keyis d-riven out and the bit slipped forward, when it will readily fall from the standard:

Instead of having the slot m in the tonon, the tenon may be formed to just fit the bit-mortise, as shown at E, the bit being confined bya screw-bolt and a. washer, the bolt entering the bottom of the tonon, its head bearing upon the washer, and holding it tight against the bit, the washer being made large enough-to overlap the tenon; or. the head of the bolt may itself be made to so overlap. In this modification the standard is' preferably made with an extension or brace, n,'foi the-bit to bear against. Or the slotor recess m may be made in the form shown at F, the bit having a corresponding projection, a, at each end of its mortise, to fit 'shown at E.

into such recess,'the bifi'bein I claim, in combination with an inclined reversible bit for n, cultivator, the methocl' of its tandard, substantially as set forth. 1

I also claim the combination of the series of bit frame or carriage, substantially as described.

securing such bit to HENRY A; GASTON.

Witnesses:

J. B. WEBSTER, H. O. SHAW.

g held either by a. key, as shewn ai G, 01' by a shrew-bolt 51- bit and washer, as

s (so applied to their vertical standards) with the enltiv ator- 

